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DBMS > Ingres vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingreskairosdb.github.iolearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTimescale
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201320141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release11.2, May 20221.2.2, November 201816.3, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaCC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infobased on CassandraSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatorselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
IngresKairosDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQLTimescaleDB
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