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DBMS > InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. VelocityDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDBMS for storing time series, events and metricsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score26.56
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#347  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orgvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docsvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVelocityDB Inc
Initial release201320191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2011
Current release2.7.5, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases16.2, February 20247.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoCC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateNumeric data and Stringsyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JSON over UDP
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoin enterprise version onlySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlyyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoDepending on used storage enginenonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlsimple rights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardBased on Windows Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
InfluxDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLVelocityDB
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more
Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
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Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
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News

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
InfluxDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLVelocityDB
DB-Engines blog posts

Why Build a Time Series Data Platform?
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PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
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Conferences, events and webinars

Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor
Webinar, 10-11am CT / 4-5pm BST, 22 May 2024

Recent citations in the news

Run and manage open source InfluxDB databases with Amazon Timestream | Amazon Web Services
14 March 2024, AWS Blog

Amazon Timestream: Managed InfluxDB for Time Series Data
14 March 2024, The New Stack

InfluxData Collaborating with AWS to Bring InfluxDB and Time Series Analytics to Developers Around the World
14 March 2024, Business Wire

How the FDAP Stack Gives InfluxDB 3.0 Real-Time Speed, Efficiency
15 March 2024, Datanami

AWS and InfluxData partner to offer managed time series database Timestream for InfluxDB
5 April 2024, VentureBeat

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9 February 2024, InfoWorld

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Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data
26 April 2024, hackernoon.com

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Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need
14 November 2023, blogs.oracle.com

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