DBMS > Immudb vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.26
Rank	#294	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	117.77
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.postgresql.org

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Codenotary

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2020

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2000

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

16.4, August 2024

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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