DBMS > Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. ReductStore

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. ReductStore

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Designed to manage unstructured time-series data efficiently, providing unique features such as storing time-stamped blobs with labels, customizable data retention policies, and a straightforward FIFO quota system.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#41	Time Series DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

rdf4j.org

github.com/reductstore
www.reduct.store

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.reduct.store/docs

Developer

Codenotary

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

ReductStore LLC

Initial release

2020

2010

2004

2023

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

V12

1.9, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Business Source License 1.1

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++, Rust

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

C++
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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Recent citations in the news

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

immudb (immutable database) 'tamper-proof' database - Open Source Insider
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