DBMS > Immudb vs. MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Widely used in-process key-value store

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

Primary database model

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#158	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

milvus.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.sadasengine.com

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

Developer

Codenotary

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

SADAS s.r.l.

Initial release

2020

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2019

1994

2006

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

11.3.2, February 2024

2.3.4, January 2024

18.1.40, May 2020

8.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

free trial version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C and C++

C++, Go

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

AIX
Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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