DBMS > Immudb vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata Aster

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.63
Rank	#232	Overall
	#32	Key-value stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.keydb.dev

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Codenotary

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Microsoft

Teradata

Initial release

2020

2019

1989

2005

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD-3

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Lua

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

R packages

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

simple password-based access control and ACL

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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