DBMS > Immudb vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP HANA vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP HANA vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Well established RDBMS

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

help.sap.com/hana

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Codenotary

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

SAP

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2020

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2010

2022

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

11.2, May 2022

V12

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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