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DBMS > Immudb vs. InfinityDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. InfinityDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonInfinityDB  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A Java embedded Key-Value Store which extends the Java Map interfaceWell established RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.08
Rank#365  Overall
#55  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
boilerbay.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.ioboilerbay.com/­infinitydb/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperCodenotaryBoiler Bay Inc.Actian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release202020021974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2010
Current release1.2.3, April 20224.011.2, May 2022V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaCC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyes infonested virtual Java Maps, multi-value, logical ‘tuple space’ runtime Schema upgradeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoall Java primitives, Date, CLOB, BLOB, huge sparse arraysyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilityyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Access via java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap Interface
Proprietary API to InfinityDB ItemSpace (boilerbay.com/­docs/­ItemSpaceDataStructures.htm)
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneIngres Replicatoryes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoREAD-COMMITTED or SERIALIZEDImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoOptimistic locking for transactions; no isolation for bulk loadsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ImmudbInfinityDBIngresMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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Recent citations in the news

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

immudb (immutable database) 'tamper-proof' database - Open Source Insider
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

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Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Dr. Michael Stonebraker: A Short History of Database Systems
1 February 2019, The New Stack

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Copilot in Azure SQL Database in Private Preview
27 March 2024, InfoQ.com

Microsoft unveils Copilot for Azure SQL Database
27 March 2024, InfoWorld

Azure SQL Database migration to OCI - resources estimation and migration approach
11 January 2024, blogs.oracle.com

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21 March 2024, microsoft.com

Azure SQL Database outage caused by network infrastructure
18 September 2023, The Register

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