DB-EnginesextremeDB - Data management wherever you need itEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by Redgate Software

DBMS > IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_Vista  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-based data warehousing serviceDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database serverEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.23
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score76.53
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score654.34
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#255  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score1.78
Rank#130  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehouseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgraima.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.raima.comdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperIBMMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRaima Inc.Stardog-Union
Initial release201420101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19842010
Current releaseV1216.4, August 202415, June 20217.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CCJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infoImport/export of XML data possibleyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoExporting/Importing of XML structures possibleno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPL/SQL, SQL PLTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infobased on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specificationuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaStardog
Specific characteristicsRaima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
» more
Competitive advantagesDecreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more
Typical application scenariosTypical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more
Key customersInfor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more
Market metricsOver 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsJust as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more
News

RaimaDB and QNX Forge a Powerful Partnership in Embedded Systems
9 July 2024

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesSharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

CYBERTEC is a premier consulting company that provides open-source database PostgreSQL management and data science solutions. By offering PostgreSQL migrations, administration, design, and more, CYBERTEC provides an all-in-one catalog of powerful PostgreSQL support. It's through this exceptional service, equipped with a team of experts, that the company has established a proven reputation. When it comes to Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Big Data, CYBERTEC offers services customized for you.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaStardog
DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

Tackling AI’s data challenges with IBM databases on AWS
14 March 2024, ibm.com

Top 20 most-asked questions about Amazon RDS for Db2 answered
8 April 2024, ibm.com

Data Mining in Db2 Warehouse: the basics
23 June 2020, Towards Data Science

Top 7 Cloud Data Warehouse Companies
31 May 2023, Datamation

Db2 Warehouse delivers 4x faster query performance than previously, while cutting storage costs by 34x
11 July 2023, ibm.com

provided by Google News

Save money on Microsoft SQL Server licensing with Microsoft Azure Arc
6 November 2024, microsoft.com

Public Preview: New Azure SQL Database skills introduced to Microsoft Copilot in Azure
21 May 2024, Microsoft

Public Preview: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
21 May 2024, Microsoft

Announcing the retirement of SQL Server Stretch Database
3 July 2024, microsoft.com

General availability: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
21 May 2024, Microsoft

provided by Google News

Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database is now generally available
31 October 2024, AWS Blog

Failing to connect Commento with PostgreSQL
1 October 2024, SitePoint

Timescale expands open source vector database capabilities for PostgreSQL
29 October 2024, VentureBeat

New Malware PG_MEM Targets PostgreSQL Databases for Crypto Mining
22 August 2024, The Hacker News

PostgreSQL tutorial: Get started with PostgreSQL 16
4 September 2024, InfoWorld

provided by Google News

SOFTWARE TOOLS: Birdstep Technology intros RDM Embedded 9.1 & RDM Server 8.2
3 April 2009, Embedded

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

SingleStore logo

The data platform to build your intelligent applications.
Try it free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Present your product here