DBMS > IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso
System Properties Comparison IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso
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| Name | IBM Db2  formerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2 Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TDengine Xexclude from comparison | Virtuoso Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/Linux | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Time Series DBMS and big data platform | Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS Since Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDB | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Time Series DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Native XML DBMS Relational DBMS RDF store Search engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store RDF store in Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)Spatial DBMS with Db2 Spatial Extender | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Relational DBMS | Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.ibm.com/products/db2 | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.postgresql.org | github.com/taosdata/TDengine tdengine.com | virtuoso.openlinksw.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2 | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.tdengine.com | docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | IBM | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | TDEngine, previously Taos Data | OpenLink Software | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1983 host version | 1989 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2019 | 1998 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 12.1, October 2016 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 16.2, February 2024 | 3.0, August 2022 | 7.2.11, September 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial free version is available | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | Open Source AGPL V3, also commercial editions available | Open Source GPLv2, extended commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C and C++ | C++ | C | C | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | AIX HP-UX Linux Solaris Windows z/OS | Linux Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux Windows | AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes SQL - Standard relational schema RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O) XML - DTD, XML Schema DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications | yes SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC JSON style queries MongoDB compatibleODBC XQuery | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | JDBC RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET GeoSPARQL HTTP API JDBC Jena RDF API ODBC OLE DB RDF4J API RESTful HTTP API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SOAP webservices SPARQL 1.1 WebDAV XPath XQuery XSLT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C C# C++ Cobol Delphi Fortran Java Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Rust | .Net C C# C++ Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | yes Virtuoso PL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | yes | yes, via alarm monitoring | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding only with Windows/Unix/Linux Version | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes with separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere) | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | yes | Chain, star, and bi-directional replication Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes | Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IBM Db2 formerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2 | Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | TDengine | Virtuoso | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and... » more | Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial... » more | Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected... » more | Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries... » more | Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in... » more | Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Can Typical Time-Series Databases Replace Data Historians? TDengine 3.3.0.0 Release Notes How to Unlock Value from Industrial Data with AI and ML Technology Compare InfluxDB vs. TDengine Why We Need the Next Generation Data Historian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IBM Db2 formerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2 | Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | TDengine | Virtuoso | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Recent citations in the news | IBM Collaborates with AWS to Launch a New Cloud Database Offering, Enabling Customers to Optimize Data ... IBM's vintage Db2 database jumps on AWS's cloud bandwagon Performance optimization of full load and ongoing replication tasks from self-managed Db2 to Amazon RDS for Db2 ... Precisely says it's smoothing migration of Db2 analytics data to AWS cloud – Blocks and Files How Amazon RDS for IBM Db2 Showcases the Power of Co-Creation provided by Google News | Data Virtualization in SQL Server 2022 Why migrate Windows Server and SQL Server to Azure: ROI, innovation, and free offers May 2024 Patch Tuesday forecast: A reminder of recent threats and impact Monitor query performance with Performance Insights on Amazon RDS for SQL Server | Amazon Web Services How to Know When It's Time for a Microsoft SQL Server Upgrade provided by Google News | Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data provided by Google News | TDengine debuts cloud-based time-series data processing platform for IoT deployments New TDengine Benchmark Results Show Up to 37.0x Higher Query Performance Than InfluxDB and TimescaleDB Comparing Different Time-Series Databases provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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