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DBMS > etcd vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Multivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.85
Rank#98  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
hsqldb.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.orgwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
hsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRocket Software
Initial release200120191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1985
Current release3.4, August 20192.7.2, June 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++CC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesStrong typed schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyesyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.noneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphPostgreSQLUniData,UniVerse
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
etcdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphPostgreSQLUniData,UniVerse
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