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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilitiesObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Multivalue DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.85
Rank#98  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#325  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidatawww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidatavalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRocket SoftwareParadigma Software
Initial release200120101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19851999
Current release2.7.2, June 2023V1216.3, May 20245.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes
Triggersyesyesyesyes infoU2 Basicyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system basedfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLUniData,UniVerseValentina Server
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