DBMS > HyperSQL vs. jBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. jBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A robust multi-value DBMS comprising development tools and middleware

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Multivalue DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	1.41
Rank	#159	Overall
	#3	Multivalue DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

hsqldb.org

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-jbase

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.rocketsoftware.com/bundle?labelkey=jbase_5.9

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Rocket Software (formerly Zumasys)

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2001

1991

2014

2019

2000

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

5.7

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

AIX
Linux
Windows

hosted

Linux

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

JSON types

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Embedded SQL for jBASE in BASIC

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Basic
Jabbascript
Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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