DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries.

The Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.14
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	93.76
Rank	#12	Overall
	#8	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#305	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#15	RDF stores

Website

hsqldb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/access

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

developer.microsoft.com/en-us/access

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2001

1992

1989

2017

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Bundled with Microsoft Office

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Windows

Not a real database server, but making use of DLLs

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

but not compliant to any SQL standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

but no files for transaction logging

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

but no files for transaction logging

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

a simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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