DBMS > Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. openGemini vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. openGemini vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalability

Widely used RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.01
Rank	#375	Overall
	#39	Time Series DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

hive.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.opengemini.org
github.com/openGemini

www.oracle.com/database

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.opengemini.org/guide

docs.oracle.com/en/database

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Microsoft

Huawei and openGemini community

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

1989

2022

1980

2004

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.1, July 2023

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Integer, Float, Boolean, String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP REST

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Administrators and common users accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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