DBMS > Hive vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

hive.apache.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

google.github.io/lovefield

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Actian Corporation

Google

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

1980

2014

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

11.2, May 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C and C++

Scala

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Ingres Replicator

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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