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DBMS > Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used RDBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.15
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score19.56
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oracle.com/­databasespark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasespark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperActian CorporationGoogleOracleApache Software Foundation
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201419802014
Current release11.2, May 20222.1.12, February 201723c, September 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaScriptC and C++Scala
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
TriggersyesUsing read-only observersyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatornoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDByes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
IngresLovefieldOracleSpark SQL
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