DBMS > Heroic vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

Well established RDBMS

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.46
Rank	#265	Overall
	#22	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/spotify/heroic

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

spotify.github.io/heroic

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Spotify

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2014

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2010

2019

Current release

11.2, May 2022

V12

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Ingres Replicator

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Review: Google Bigtable scales with ease
7 September 2016, InfoWorld

provided by Google News

Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Dr. Michael Stonebraker: A Short History of Database Systems
1 February 2019, The New Stack

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11 January 2024, Oracle

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