DBMS > eXtremeDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison eXtremeDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.80
Rank	#214	Overall
	#99	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	44.89
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	3.05
Rank	#97	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#16	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

www.mcobject.com

www.harperdb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

neo4j.com

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

docs.harperdb.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

neo4j.com/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

McObject

HarperDB

Microsoft

Neo4j, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

2001

2017

1989

2007

2011

Current release

8.2, 2021

3.1, August 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

5.20, May 2024

24.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

C and C++

Node.js

C++

Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

Linux
Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning / sharding

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more

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