DBMS > etcd vs. HBase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. HBase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Primary database model

Key-value store

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

hbase.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mysql.com

ravendb.net

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

hbase.apache.org/book.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

dev.mysql.com/doc

ravendb.net/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Hibernating Rhinos

Initial release

2008

1989

1995

2010

Current release

3.4, August 2019

2.3.4, January 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Authorization levels configured per client per database

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