DBMS > HBase vs. Hive vs. MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TinkerGraph
System Properties Comparison HBase vs. Hive vs. MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TinkerGraph
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Name | HBase Xexclude from comparison | Hive Xexclude from comparison | MongoDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TinkerGraph Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable | data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop | One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Wide column store | Relational DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Graph DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS Search engine integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only. Time Series DBMS Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0 Vector DBMS currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | hbase.apache.org | hive.apache.org | www.mongodb.com | www.postgresql.org | tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | hbase.apache.org/book.html | cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home | www.mongodb.com/docs/manual | www.postgresql.org/docs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Apache Software Foundation Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset | Apache Software Foundation initially developed by Facebook | MongoDB, Inc | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2008 | 2012 | 2009 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 2.3.4, January 2021 | 3.1.3, April 2022 | 6.0.7, June 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache version 2 | Open Source Apache Version 2 | Open Source MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available. | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas) | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | Java | Java | C++ | C | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux Unix Windows using Cygwin | All OS with a Java VM | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free, schema definition possible | yes | schema-free Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema. | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | options to bring your own types, AVRO | yes | yes string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP API Thrift | JDBC ODBC Thrift | GraphQL HTTP REST Prisma proprietary protocol using JSON | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | TinkerPop 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C C# C++ Groovy Java PHP Python Scala | C++ Java PHP Python | Actionscript unofficial driver C C# C++ Clojure unofficial driver ColdFusion unofficial driver D unofficial driver Dart unofficial driver Delphi unofficial driver Erlang Go Groovy unofficial driver Haskell Java JavaScript Kotlin Lisp unofficial driver Lua unofficial driver MatLab unofficial driver Perl PHP PowerShell unofficial driver Prolog unofficial driver Python R unofficial driver Ruby Rust Scala Smalltalk unofficial driver Swift | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Groovy Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes Coprocessors in Java | yes user defined functions and integration of map-reduce | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | no | yes in MongoDB Atlas only | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime. | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | selectable replication factor | Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | yes query execution via MapReduce | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency | Eventual Consistency | Eventual Consistency can be individually decided for each read operation Immediate Consistency default behaviour | Immediate Consistency | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible | yes | yes Relationships in graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Single row ACID (across millions of columns) | no | Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes optional, enabled by default | yes | optional | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2 | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC | Access rights for users, groups and roles | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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HBase | Hive | MongoDB | PostgreSQL | TinkerGraph | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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HBase | Hive | MongoDB | PostgreSQL | TinkerGraph | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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