DBMS > H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Spatial extension of H2

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.08
Rank	#368	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Score	2.63
Rank	#109	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

www.h2gis.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.vertica.com

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

vertica.com/documentation

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

CNRS

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2013

2014

2019

2005

2017

Current release

12.0.3, January 2023

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

based on H2

JavaScript

user defined functions

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes, called Custom Alerts

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

based on H2

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

based on H2

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.