DBMS > H2 vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SingleStore vs. SQLite vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SingleStore vs. SQLite vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Widely used in-process key-value store

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.singlestore.com

www.sqlite.org

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

docs.singlestore.com

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

SingleStore Inc.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2005

1994

2013

2000

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

8.5, January 2024

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Implementation language

Java

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C++, Go

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

server-less

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

hash partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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Typical application scenarios

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Key customers

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
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Market metrics

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
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News

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.