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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Solr vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Solr vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serversolr.apache.orgwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serversolr.apache.org/­resources.htmlwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftApache Software FoundationDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release2005198920062000
Current release2.2.220, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20229.6.0, April 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)server-less
Data schemeyesyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSolr Parallel SQL Interfaceyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesJavaC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava pluginsno
Triggersyesyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesno

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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More resources
H2Microsoft SQL ServerSolrSQLite
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