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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#122  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-serverspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATESTspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftOraclePerconaApache Software Foundation
Initial release20052010201120082014
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V1223.3, December 20238.0.36-28, 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC and C++Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptionalyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLnoyesno
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infooff heap cacheyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesno

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle NoSQLPercona Server for MySQLSpark SQL
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