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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1.59
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbplanetscale.comwww.postgresql.orgravendb.net
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbplanetscale.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftPlanetScalePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerHibernating Rhinos
Initial release2005201420201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release2.2.220, July 202316.3, May 20245.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
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Implementation languageJavaGoCC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedDocker
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJavaScriptyes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
TriggersyesJavaScriptyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Immediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID at shard levelACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per database

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPlanetScalePostgreSQLRavenDB
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