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DBMS > H2 vs. Kdb vs. Oracle vs. QuestDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Kdb vs. Oracle vs. QuestDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.High performance Time Series DBMSWidely used RDBMSA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comkx.comwww.oracle.com/­databasequestdb.iowww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlcode.kx.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasequestdb.io/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcOracleQuestDB Technology IncDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20052000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003198020142000
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.6, May 201823c, September 20233.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaqC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, RustC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (q)yes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL with time-series extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenono
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication with eventual consistencynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingno infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID for single-table writesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes infothrough memory mapped filesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
H2KdbOracleQuestDBSQLite
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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