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DBMS > H2 vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerIBMMicrosoftDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20051983 infohost version20102000
Current release2.2.220, July 202312.1, October 2016V123.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedserver-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsyesTransact SQLno
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
H2IBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSQLite
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