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DBMS > H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonYottaDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA fast and solid embedded Key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS infousing the Octo plugin
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.41
Rank#153  Overall
#71  Relational DBMS
Score24.97
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#309  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Websitewww.h2database.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgyottadb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.heavy.ailearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docsyottadb.com/­resources/­documentation
DeveloperThomas MuellerHEAVY.AI, Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerYottaDB, LLC
Initial release2005201620141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2001
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.10, January 202216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC++ and CUDACC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsby using the Octo plugin
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
PostgreSQL wire protocol infousing the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesJavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoRound robinSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

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More resources
H2HEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQLYottaDB
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