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DBMS > GraphDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.ontotext.comwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperOntotextHarperDBMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleStardog-Union
Initial release20002017201019942010
Current release10.4, October 20233.1, August 2021V1218.1.40, May 20207.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaNode.jsC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesdynamic schemayesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQLnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHarperDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DBStardog
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHarperDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DBStardog
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