DB-EnginesInfluxDB: Focus on building software with an easy-to-use serverless, scalable time series platformEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#148  Overall
#68  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manuallearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmltechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationTmaxSoft
Initial release201019891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142003
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20236, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation language.NET and CC++CScalaC and Assembler
Server operating systems.NETLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Corehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnonono infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
» more

Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more
Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
» more

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
» more

Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
» more

SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSpark SQLTibero
DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year
4 January 2017, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

Trinity
30 October 2010, Microsoft

Open source Microsoft Graph Engine takes on Neo4j
13 February 2017, InfoWorld

IBM releases Graph, a service that can outperform SQL databases
27 July 2016, GeekWire

Aerospike Is Now a Graph Database, Too
21 June 2023, Datanami

The graph analytics landscape 2019 - DataScienceCentral.com
27 February 2019, Data Science Central

provided by Google News

The Essential Guide to SQL Server 2014 Series: Scalability
1 June 2024, ITPro Today

Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface
30 May 2024, SitePoint

A generative AI use case using Amazon RDS for SQL Server as a vector data store | Amazon Web Services
22 May 2024, AWS Blog

Top Causes of SQL Server Downtime
1 June 2024, ITPro Today

Data Virtualization in SQL Server 2022
7 May 2024, Visual Studio Magazine

provided by Google News

How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL?
28 May 2024, SitePoint

What Microsoft's Open Source PostgreSQL Acquisition Portends for SQL Server
1 June 2024, ITPro Today

Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database
1 May 2024, The New Stack

First Principles: Optimizing PostgreSQL for the cloud
14 November 2023, Oracle

Oracle Introduces PostgreSQL Running Native on OCI
17 December 2023, IDC

provided by Google News

Performance Insights from Sigma Rule Detections in Spark Streaming
1 June 2024, Towards Data Science

Run Apache Hive workloads using Spark SQL with Amazon EMR on EKS | Amazon Web Services
18 October 2023, AWS Blog

What is Apache Spark? The big data platform that crushed Hadoop
3 April 2024, InfoWorld

Cracking the Apache Spark Interview: 80+ Top Questions and Answers for 2024
1 April 2024, Simplilearn

Use Amazon Athena with Spark SQL for your open-source transactional table formats | Amazon Web Services
24 January 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

ArkData to Officially Support Domestic Database 'Tibero 7'
23 April 2024, BusinessKorea

How to Succeed at Large-Scale Mainframe Replatforming with TmaxSoft OpenFrame on AWS | Amazon Web Services
2 August 2022, AWS Blog

ArkData's 'Ark for CDC' supports real-time data extraction and replication for Tibero DBMS.
18 April 2023, BusinessKorea

Make Your Data Work for You: Why Modernizing Core Technology Architectures is Critical
31 July 2017, insideBIGDATA

Daegu Government Integrated Data Center to Propose Open-Source Database Management Systems for Tenant ...
14 April 2021, Etnews

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here