DBMS > Graph Engine vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Pinecone

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Pinecone

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A managed, cloud-native vector database

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.56
Rank	#241	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#87	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Website

www.graphengine.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.pinecone.io

Technical documentation

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.pinecone.io/docs/overview

Developer

Microsoft

Google

Microsoft

Pinecone Systems, Inc

Initial release

2010

2011

1989

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

.NET and C

C++

Server operating systems

.NET

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

String, Number, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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