DBMS > Graph Engine vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr
System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr
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| Name | Graph Engine  former name: Trinity Xexclude from comparison | GraphDB former name: OWLIM Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Solr Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine | Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL. | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS Key-value store | Graph DBMS RDF store | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Search engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.graphengine.io | www.ontotext.com | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org | solr.apache.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.graphengine.io/docs/manual | graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org/docs | solr.apache.org/resources.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Developer | Microsoft | Ontotext | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Apache Software Foundation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2010 | 2000 | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 10.4, October 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 9.6.1, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source MIT License | commercial Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced | commercial | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache Version 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | .NET and C | Java | C | Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | .NET | All OS with a Java VM Linux OS X Windows | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | All OS with a Java VM runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes | schema-free | yes | yes Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes JSON types | yes | yes supports customizable data types and automatic typing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | Solr Parallel SQL Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | RESTful HTTP API | GeoSPARQL GraphQL GraphQL Federation Java API JDBC RDF4J API RDFS RIO Sail API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL 1.1 | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# C++ F# Visual Basic | .Net C# Clojure Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net Erlang Java JavaScript any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Java plugins | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | JavaScript | yes | yes User configurable commands triggered on index changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | horizontal partitioning | none | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request) | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes Constraint checking | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | optimistic locking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on. | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Graph Engine former name: Trinity | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | Solr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Riding the Databricks Wave with Hybrid Knowledge Graphs Matching Skills and Candidates with Graph RAG A Triple Store RAG Retriever Integrating GraphDB with Relational Database Systems Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Graph Engine former name: Trinity | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | Solr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Elasticsearch replaced Solr as the most popular search engine Enterprise Search Engines almost double their popularity in the last 12 months The DB-Engines ranking includes now search engines Trinity Open source Microsoft Graph Engine takes on Neo4j IBM releases Graph, a service that can outperform SQL databases Aerospike Is Now a Graph Database, Too The graph analytics landscape 2019 - DataScienceCentral.com provided by Google News Ontotext's GraphDB Solution is Now Available on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace Ontotext Announces Latest Major Release, GraphDB 10 Ontotext Platform 3.0 for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs Released Ontotext's GraphDB 8.10 Makes Knowledge Graph Experience Faster and Richer GraphDB Goes Open Source provided by Google News Building Planet-Scale .NET Apps with Azure Cosmos DB Public Preview: DiskANN vector indexing and search in Azure Cosmos DB NoSQL | Azure updates Public Preview: vCore-based Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB cross-region disaster recovery (DR) | Azure updates Start your AI journey with Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB—compete for $10K Public preview: Change partition key of a container in Azure Cosmos DB (NoSQL API) | Azure updates provided by Google News PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL How To Schedule PostgreSQL Backups With GitHub Actions How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL? Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need provided by Google News SOLR-led walkout demands better conditions for Compass workers Solr Network Launches Groundbreaking Solana Token Creator (SOLR) Proactive Strategies Have Insiders Been Buying Solar Alliance Energy Inc. (CVE:SOLR) Shares? SOLR hosts teach-in of labor movements at Northwestern provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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