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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. TerarkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score133.72
Rank#7  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgresql.orgwww.snowflake.comgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmlbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSnowflake Computing Inc.ByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142016
Current release16.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsno
Triggersnoyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerPostgreSQLSnowflakeTerarkDB
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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

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