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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. mSQL vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. mSQL vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsmSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score1.27
Rank#167  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableshughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftHughes TechnologiesOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20172012199420111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.4, October 202123.3, December 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
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Implementation languageCJavaC
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonononouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationoptimistic lockingnoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesnoyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesnoAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Table StoragemSQL infoMini SQLOracle NoSQLPostgreSQL
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