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DBMS > etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpatial extension of SQLiteAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.05
Rank#53  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.56
Rank#142  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
cloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftAlessandro FurieriOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release2017201020081998
Current release3.4, August 2019V125.0.0, August 2020Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedhostedserver-lessIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLnoPL/SQL
Triggersyes, watching key changesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
etcdGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpatiaLiteTimesTen
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