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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Riak KV vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Riak KV vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisongStore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerDistributed, fault tolerant key-value storeAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexesRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#367  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#18  RDF stores
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score3.84
Rank#76  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spanneren.gstore.cnazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsen.gstore.cn/­#/­enDocsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latestdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOpenSource, formerly Basho TechnologiesOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172016201020091998
Current release1.2, November 2023V123.2.0, December 2022Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise editioncommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Erlang
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestrictedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQLErlangPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infolinks between data sets can be storedyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationyesACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supportedfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, using Riak Securityfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannergStoreMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRiak KVTimesTen
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