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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm vs. RocksDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm vs. RocksDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score7.18
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserealm.iorocksdb.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrealm.io/­docsgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikidocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Facebook, Inc.Oracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172010201420131998
Current releaseV129.4.0, June 2024Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
LinuxIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessarynoPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infoChange Listenersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoIn-Memory realmyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRealmRocksDBTimesTen
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