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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Coherence vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Coherence vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Coherence  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerOracles in-memory data grid solutionIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS infoThe data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.97
Rank#129  Overall
#22  Key-value stores
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#8  Object oriented DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­java/­coherencewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­middleware/­standalone/­coherencedocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOracleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release20172010200719982016
Current releaseV1214.1, August 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.28.3, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Java
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLnoPL/SQLno
Triggersnoyesyes infoLive Eventsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneno
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableyes, with selectable consistency levelMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Synchronous replication via raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDconfigurableACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infooptionallyyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardauthentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle CoherenceTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle CoherenceTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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