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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperGoogleCodenotaryMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2017202020101989
Current release1.2.3, April 2022V12SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like syntaxyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerImmudbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft SQL Server
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Recent citations in the news

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14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google Turns Its Secret-Sauce Database Spanner into Cloud Service
1 June 2024, ITPro Today

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

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11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

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14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

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