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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. JaguarDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. JaguarDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonJaguarDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBPerformant, highly scalable DBMS for AI and IoT applicationsDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
#16  Vector DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgwww.jaguardb.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.jaguardb.com/­support.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleDataJaguar, Inc.MicrosoftOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172001201520101998
Current release2.7.2, June 20233.3 July 2023V12Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoGPL V3.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++ infothe server part. Clients available in other languagesC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxhostedIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infobut no views, foreign keys, triggersyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLnoTransact SQLPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBJaguarDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTimesTen
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