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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.41
Rank#153  Overall
#71  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.heavy.aidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleHEAVY.AI, Inc.MicrosoftVesoft Inc.Oracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172016201020191998
Current release5.10, January 2022V12Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++ and CUDAC++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedLinuxIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLuser defined functionsPL/SQL
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoRound robinShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphTimesTen
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphTimesTen
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