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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. JanusGraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. JanusGraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Solr

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters infoIt was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSGraph DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.02
Rank#125  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score41.02
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comjanusgraph.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
solr.apache.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.janusgraph.orgdocs.nebula-graph.iosolr.apache.org/­resources.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextLinux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by AureliusVesoft Inc.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20172000201720192006
Current release10.4, October 20230.6.3, February 20239.6.1, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesStrong typed schemayes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoSQL-like query languageSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyesuser defined functionsJava plugins
Triggersnonoyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes infodepending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics enginenospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.User authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerRole-based access controlyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMJanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanNebulaGraphSolr
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
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