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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release200819941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release18.1.40, May 202016.3, May 20248.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CGo, Rust
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details herenoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Enginenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnoyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud DatastoreOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLTiDB
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