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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2008200520102016
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App EngineJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQL
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreH2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
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