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DBMS > etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score0.74
Rank#223  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.mcobject.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverneo4j.com
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperMcObjectGoogleMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release2001201519892007
Current release3.4, August 20198.2, 2021SQL Server 2022, November 20225.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageGoC and C++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyes, watching key changesyes infoby defining eventsnoyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning / shardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft SQL ServerNeo4j
Specific characteristicseXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantageseXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersSchneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsWith hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsFor server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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