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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release201520161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLToroDB
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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
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