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DBMS > dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Well established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.dbase.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogleActian CorporationMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release197920151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20162012
Current releasedBASE 2019, 201911.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDEC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.noyesTransact SQLyes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesIngres Replicatoryesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
dBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTitan
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