DBMS > dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Well established RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.34
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.dbase.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Asthon Tate

Google

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1979

2015

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2016

2000

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

11.2, May 2022

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

dBase proprietary IDE

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java
PHP

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

yes

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Ingres Replicator

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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