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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Well established RDBMSGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.63
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score24.97
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score41.32
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingreslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP
Initial release20151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release12.0, July 202416.4, August 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, R
TriggersnoyesJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

More information provided by the system vendor

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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Google Cloud BigtableIngresMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQLSAP HANA
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